SAP Difinitions
SAP is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) software or solution and using its application programming one can effectively manage an enterprise’s resources, people, money, machines,etc.
SAP stands for Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing.
The original abbrevation of SAP was in German: Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte, and in English “Systems Applications and Products.”
As SAP is ERP solution and one can work as a consultant implementing SAP. If you have a programming bbackground, you can go for technical module and work as technical consultant. If you do not have programming background, but have domain experiance in any of the modules of SAP, then you can go for functional modules. Functional consultants are paid more than technical consultants.
| Terms | Definition |
| ALE (Application Link Enabling) | It provides integration for separate R/3 systems, keeping full interaction. This makes possible distributed enterprise applications. |
| Application server | The application server is used to run the business application programs in the R/3 client/server concept. The application modules are loaded from the data base server to the application server as required. Thus the application server requires only storage capacity to accommodate UNIX, Swapping and the SAP runtime environment. |
| Batch Input | A technique to input data safely. It ensures application data integrity for background interfaces. It pretends to be someone typing. See also direct input. |
| CATT (Computer Aided Test Tool) | It allows you to combine and automate sequences of repeatable transactions in test procedures. CATT reduces the number of manual tests, and forces you to test systematically, defining input values and expected test results. |
| CCMS (Computer Center Management System) | It allows you to monitor, control and configure your R/3 system. This toolset lets you analyze and distribute client workloads and report on resource consumption for system components. |
| Central System | In an R/3 central system, both application and data base software are run on one computer. |
| Client | In commercial, organizational and technical terms, a self-contained unit in an R/3 system with separate master records and its owns set of tables. |
| Client/Server System | Client/server systems are structured modularly, with components working in a sender/receiver relationship. Software components can also be used in a client/server relationship. |
| Communication Server | It provides the connection between local area and wide area networks and may be either a router, a bridge or a gateway. In R/3 installations, the communication server must support the TCP/IP protocol over wide area networks. |
| Company code | The smallest organizational unit for which a complete self-contained set of accounts can be drawn up for purposes of external reporting. This involves recording all relevant transactions and generating all supporting documents for legally-required financial statements, such as balance sheets and profit and loss statements. |
| Computer type | The R/3 system supports various computer types of SAP’s platform partners, such as Bull, DEC, IBM and HP. The suitability of a particular computer type depends on sufficient CPU performance. |
| Correction | It contains all the objects that a developer has changed or created. It also controls customizing that has been maintained. |
| CPI-C (Common Programming Interface-Communications) | Common Programming Interface of Communication has been introduced by IBM as a high-level interface to SNA/LU6-2. CPI-C has become the subject of the X/Open stardarlization and is used by SAP to facilitate program-to-program communication between R/3 and external system. SAP offers CPI-C libraries based on TCP/IP. |
| CSP | A system to help SAP employees to give comprehensive support to their clients. |
| Data base server | The data base server stores the SAP application programs and data in the R/3 client/server concept. It also handles the SAP update program and batch jobs. |
| Direct Input | A recent technique to input data safely. It ensures application data integrity for background interfaces. See also batch input. |
| Dispatcher | The system R/3 agent that identifies the type of task (on-line, update, batch, etc.) and sends the job to an idle work process. |
| EarlyWatch | It is a service that entails having your R/3 installation regularly inspected by SAP employees, in other to ensure high system availability and high data throughput at all time. |
| Ethernet | It is a LAN architecture using bus topology. The transmission speed is 10 MBit/s. |
| FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interchange) | It is a local high-speed network with ring topology based on light wave conductors. The transmission speed is 100 MBit/s. |
| Field status | Indicator that specifies whether a field can take an entry in the entry screen or if it must be filled. |
| Firewall | It is a means of controlling access through a public network to a private network. |
| FTP (File Transfer Protocol) | It is the most commonly used file transmission protocol of the TCP/IP protocol family. |
| GUI (Graphic User Interface) | A graphical interface used by SAP environment as part of the three tiers. It is normally called user frontend. |
| IDES (International Demonstration and Education System) | It is a model of an international firm. It is a separate demonstration and education system for speeding up the pilot process. |
| IDoc (Intermediate Document) | An IDoc is a data container for data exchange between SAP systems or between an SAP system and an external system. |
| IMG (Implementation Management Guide) | It is a hierarchical structure that reflects the R/3 component hierarchy and contains every configuration activity. Released from version 3.0 onwards. |
| Instance | It means application server and each one has its own set of work processes. |
| ITS (Internet Transaction Server) | It links the R/3 application server with one or more Web servers, thus enabling the R/3 to communicate with the Internet. |
| Kernel | It means a standard core previously configured. A set of default parameters delivered with the system. |
| LAN (Local Area Network) | It is a network foa a tightly limited area with high level data transmission performance. Common LANs include Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI. These LANs support different transport protocols, such as TCP/IP and IPX. |
| Matchcode | A tool for finding specific record. It is made up of search terms. It is used to find possible entries for an input field. |
| Number range | A range of numbers that are laid down per file for the assignment of document numbers. It can be internal (carried out automatically by the system) or external (carried out manually by the user). |
| OLE | It is a technique introduced by Microsoft to incorporate objects of one application into another. |
| OSS (Online Service System) | SAP’s Online Service System offers fast and effective help for R/3 System problems. It is also the basic element of communications between customers, partners, and SAP. |
| Repair | It contains all the objects that a developer has changed but the originals of the objects are located in another system. |
| RFC | A way to implement communication between application programs via Abap/4 function call. |
| Semaphores | When a work process locks a resource, it sets a semaphore. Another work process that also wants to access it must then wait. |
| SysID | A set of three letters or number that identify a system. Some sets are not allowed because they are used by SAP. They are informed when the system is installed. |
| TCP/IP | It is the most widely used transport protocol for open systems. R/3 clients and servers communicate using TCP/IP. |
| Telnet | It provides terminal access to hosts using TCP/IP protocol. It is a well-known command among Systems Administrators. |
| Token Ring | It is a LAN architecture with ring topology. The transmission speed is 4 MBit/s or 16 MBit/s. This involves a ‘free token’ which circles the loop picking up transmissions. The receiver station places a confirmation bit into the busy token. As soon as the busy token reaches the sender station again, it is converted back to a free token and sent on to the next station. |
| Transport | It is a request to transport objects from the software development environment, identified as the source system, to the specified target system. |
| WAN (Wide Area Networks) | They are normally operated either by the telephone company or by private companies that offer leased lines, switched lines or packet lines. |
| Work process | Work processes perform the bulk of the processing carried out by SAP systems. They perform dialog steps in user transactions and carry out updates, lock management, printing services, and so on. |
| Workbench | The ABAP/4 Workbench, a graphical programming environment, is used to create application programs. The programming tools are accessed using buttons, dialogs and windows. |
| Workflow | It consists of time and logical sequence of work items, which are precessed by human agents or mechanical processing units. |
| X.25 | It is a standardized network access protocol for the packet switching network. The maximum transmission speed is 64 KBit/s. |